UploadHW

​​ Hardware Hello 6th graders! This is the page where you have to upload the information about the Hardware component asigned.


 * Include the following:**
 * Your name in brackets. For example: **[Maria Jose Mora]**
 * A title with the name of the component
 * The definition
 * A short description on how it works
 * Upload no more than three pictures from the ones you saved in the hub.
 * All websites you used for your research.

**Grade 6 students**, Thank you for your contributions! Find my comments in ** red ** below your name. If you are missing something, please send it via email to me: mjmora@isumail.ac.ug.

=** Input Devices **= [Shabana Meghani] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Shabana!  The Scanner A computer scanner optically scans pictures, recipes, book pages, documents, receipts, tests, etc. After "scanning" any of the above; it is then converted to a digital image which you can look at using your computer. In every scanner you will find a large variety of specifications such as resolution, color depth, speed, etc. These will basically help you find out which scanner has the best use. Here are some examples; a really high definition scanner should be used in business offices, electronic offices, business universities etc. Ones with high color depth should be used in advertisement companies and factories that produce high color papers in all forms. All these specifications fit into one company or another. __ How a scanner works __ You just have to plug it and install it to your computer. Then you place the document you want to have scanned into the scanner and all you have to do is press scan, and wait for the document to digitally show up on your computer. It just records the document using a blare light and then it transforms it into a digital image.
 * Introduction **

Bibliography

[|www.ehow.com] [|http://cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload//2000/700/10/3/172713.jpg]

[Jordan Rice] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Jordan. Keyboards A keyboard is a hardware device. There variety of buttons called keys; people press the keys to input letters, numbers and other things into the computer. The keyboard also gives the computer instructions for instance on the internet F5 on the keyboard means refresh. Today the keyboard is connected to the processor and when a key is pressed the processor can tell which key it was. Keyboards vary in keys there are function and special purpose keys which control volume, reset etc. F5 is a function key. __ Bibliography- __ www.google.co.uk/images http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/k/keyboard.html http://www.computer-dictionary-online.org/index.asp?q=keyboardinto the computer.

[Sian Goldring] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Sian... you did not include Bibliography! A mouse is an input device that is used to control the computer so it is an alternative for the key board. The mouse has a cable connected to the computer so when you put your hand on it you can give commands to the computer. Inside the mouse has a ball witch allows the mouse to move around on the computer and the desk. There are two types of mouse: optical and track ball.
 * The Mouse **

Video and Digital camera (Negar Mohtashami Khojasteh) [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Negar... But you are missing the bibliography. ​ A digital camera is a camera that stores still images, film, and show as digital data. All **cameras get** light and transform it into a video signal. The value of this captured video signal is depending on the quality of the camera and Charged Couple Devices (CCD) are often what conclude this quality. All digital cameras have a built-in computer, and all of them register data electronically. There are 3 different sensors in the high quality cameras, each with a different filter. A beam splitter points light to the different sensors. Light entering the camera is similar to water flowing through a pipe. A beam splitter is basically dividing the same amount of water into 3 different pipes.
 * __ A video camera is a camera that is used for electronic film, picture, and show. __**

(Archer McLeay) [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Archer... Microphone A microphone is an input device it is used to speak into the computer or a speaker to make you voice louder. You can use it to speak over long distances; sometimes you can talk and command your computer without using the mouse.

How it works A microphone is complicated like almost all electronic devices but in short it converts high and low frequency sounds to the same level frequency so that the thing it is put into (any mechanical device such as a computer, speaker, I pod or a telephone) can receive it.



Sites used: []

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tuneintopodcasts.wikispaces.com/Lesson+3

[|www.auzentech.jp/site/products/jam_ufo.php]

[Ewald Rugazoora] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Ewald... but, don't you have pictures?

__Bar code reader__

A "bar code reader" is an electronic device for that is able to read printed barcodes. Barcodes are found on goods, books, boxes etc. "Bar code readers" are found when you are at the counter of a store buying something which has a bar code on it. __ Types of barcode readers __ All these different types of barcode readers work differently. The pen reader uses a wand like device which is passed over the bar code and uses a light source to translate the bar code. Gate reader’s work differently, it’s a locked position gate that must have the bar code go past in order for the light for its light source to read the bar code. The semiautomatic hand- held is a mobile working device. It’s an interesting device because its does not need exact contact with the bar code while passing its light source. To start with the fixed mount reader is also a stationary bar code reader which needs an item with a barcode simply swiped past and the laser reads the price.
 * Pen reader
 * Gate reader
 * Semiautomatic hand-held
 * Fixed mount reader

Bibliography:

[] http://www.ehow.com/search.aspx?s=database+creator &Options=

[] [] [] []
 * Images from: **

= Output Devices =

**[Kinda Farah]** [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Kinda! ** __MONITORS AND SCREENS__ **
 * __ How do monitors work? __**

This picture shows how the monitor works. Each monitor of a desktop has three colors in the CRT or cathode ray tube. The CRT is something in the monitor that has millions of tiny red, blue and green phosphor dots. These dots allow us to see visible images. Laptops have LCD or liquid crystal display.

**__ All about screens __**

Screens are only the board which shows the things we see on the computer. Unlike the monitors the screen does not have a soft ware which makes it work. One example for the screen is smart board. It is powered by a small machine which is attached to the computer. **__ All about monitors and screens! __** Monitors and screen are alike in some way. We can not find a monitor without a screen, but we can find a screen without a monitor!

**__ Bibliography __** [|http://www.google.com] [|http://www.wikipidia.con] [|http://www.smarthouse.com]

A printer is a [|peripheral] which produces a hard copy (text on paper) of documents stored in [|electronic] form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most modern printers, a [|USB] cable to a computer which serves as a document source. In addition, a few modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as memory sticks or memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; some printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-printing features are sometimes called Multifunction printers (MFP), Multi-Function Devices (MFD), or All-In-One (AIO) printers. For example the printers that also allow you to scan or have a photocopy of a document.
 * [Bertoye] **
 * [Maria Jose Mora]: Well done Bertoye, but you forgot the bibliography **
 * The Printer **

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 * Images from: **


 * [Radah Nayer]**

[Maria Jose Mora] Well done Radah! **__ The Plotter __** A plotter is a form of a printer, which is used to print designed images on paper. It is a [|printing device] used to print graphical [|plots], and is connected to a [|computer]. There is a slight difference between a desktop printer and a plotter. The plotter prints using lines rather than dots. It is a bigger machine than a normal sized printer, and can manage printing larger plans. Plotters are used in many ways, for example,  architects use the plotter for large maps of layouts of huge buildings. There are many types of plotters, but the two main types of plotters are pen plotters and electrostatic plotters. There are different types of pen plotters. Pen plotters are pens moving across the surface of a piece of paper, because of this, plotters only use line art. This type of plotter draws complicated line art images and text, but this is done very slowly because of the mechanical movement of the pens. Pen Plotters can’t create a solid region of color, although they can make a place by drawing many regular lines. After the pen plotters came out, the electrostatic plotter was launched. It works with tonners instead of pens.



** Bibliography **

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[Lizzie Noble]

[Maria Jose Mora] Well done Lizzie... but you didn't include the bibliography **Headphones**

Head phones is an electronic device that is plugged into other electronics like computers, ipods, phones, radios and others. These electronics transmit sound waves through wires into the headphones, which result in the person hearing what he/she commanded the electronic devise to play. Headphones consist of pair of transducers ( are electric or electronic devices that transform energy from one manifestation into another) that receive electric signals from some media hear. There are four basic types of headphones. They are called circumaural, supra- aural, ear budsearphones,and canalphones. Their main differences are more in physical attributes with different shapes and sizes.



= =
 * Speakers **

[John Paul Besong] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done John Paul!

December 14 1877 Ernst Siemens made the loud speaker. Speakers are any sound system that is able to help you hear things from electronics. A speaker is a device that converts one energy to another.

Any music or DVD’s depend on the sound system called speakers. Without speakers you won’t be able to hear anything from your TV or from your computers. Speakers are what make you hear every electronic thing from your toys to your TV. Things like Playstation don’t have a speaker that’s why they get connected to the TV and they also rely on the TV’s speakers.

** Objects with speakers: ** TV’s Computers. The sound comes out of the screen Speakers Phones Psp Nintendo’s Radios

Bibliography:
 * [|http://history.sandiego]
 * [|www.markpascua.com]
 * []

=** Storage Devices **=

__Hard Disk (external and internal) __ (Arthur Jagwer) [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Arthur… but you missed pictures and bibliography. History: For many years hard disks were large, cumbersome devices (large piece of machinery) and would be better suited in protected not harsh industrial environment. Then over the years hard disk became portable and easy to carry around. Their memory grew bigger. In an olden day computer the memory would probably be 20 megabytes, and over the years it grew to 320-500GB and the largest capacity would 2 terabytes. How it works: It is a mass storage found in all PC’s. The data that is on a hard disk can be erased or overwritten. These days a hard disk is either portable or not. If you didn’t have a hard disk the things you do like: word documents, images, and media files will not be saved. A computer holds one or two hard some camcorders even use hard disks instead of tape. Hard disks are usually found in: Computers Game consoles (Xbox 360, PS3, PSP, and Nintendo Wii) Some electronics (Phones, Ipods and Nintendo DS) Laptops iphone Some camcorders


 * Images from: **

[Melvin Mbabazi] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Melvin… but you missed pictures (I copied some pictures....) and bibliography.
 * DVD**

A DVD is a Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc. It has a minimum of 4.76 GB of Data that can hold a full movie and has a maximum of 17 GB. There are five types of DVD’s they are DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW and DVD RAM.

It is used for movies. They are 12 cm long and Unlike CDs DVDs have 2 reflective layers and it’s bigger than a CD. Blu-ray Disc is the newest version of The DVD collection. DVD Video is a standard for content on DVD media.

[] [] []
 * Images from: **

by: Tensae kebede

[Maria Jose Mora] Well done Tensae.

__ floppy disks and magnet tape __ A floppy is like a CD but it is a square while a CD is round and faster. Floppy disks are older than CDs. Floppy disks are made of thin magnetic storage. The magnetic storage is made into rectangular or square shapes. It comes in 5 ¼ inches 3 ½ inches and 8 inches. ** Magnetic tapes ** are tapes that are done with magnetic material. Magnetic tapes are used on electronic devices. Magnetic tapes are also used to make floppy disks. Accessing data on tapes is much slower than accessing data on disks. Tapes are //sequential-access//, which means that to get to a particular point on the tape it must go through all the preceding points. In contrast, disks are //random-access// media, which means that they access any point at random without passing through intervening points. Because tapes are so slow, they are used only for long-term storage. Data to be used regularly is almost always kept on a disk.



// Bibliography // : ** [|www.wikipidea.com] **


 * [|www.google.com] This is not a source! It is a search engine... **


 * [Ruben Kahn] **

[Maria Jose Mora] Well done Ruben. **__ CD __**

CDs are everywhere these days. They are used to hold music, data or computer software; they become the standard medium for distributing large quantities of information. Compact discs are so easy to produce, America Online sends out millions of them every year. And if you have a computer and CD-R drive, you can create your own CDs, including any information you want. A CD can store up to 74 minutes of music is more than 783MB. A CD is a simple piece of plastic. During manufacturing, this plastic is impressed with microscopic bumps arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long spiral track of data. We'll return to the bumps in a moment. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective aluminum layer is sputtered onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin acrylic layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it.

A CD has a single spiral of data, circling from the inside of the disc to the outside. The fact that the spiral track starts at the center means that the CD can be smaller than 12 cm. The advent of CD burners marked a huge cultural shift. The technology made it feasible for the average person to gather songs and make their own CDs. Today, writable CD drives (CD burners) are standard equipment in new PCs, and more audio enthusiasts are adding separate CD burners to their stereo systems. In less than five years, CDs have eclipsed [|cassette tapes] as the mix medium of choice.

__ Bibliography: __

[|www.cd-autorun.com/] [|www.cdripping.ca/] [|www.supa9.com/]

(Mildred Wrange)

[Maria Jose Mora] Well donde Mildred! __Flash Drive__ A flash drive is a small, portable card that can be plugged into a computer’s [|USB] [|port] and functions as a portable [|hard drive]. When you save data on your flash drive you can then remove it and plug it into another computer where the media saved on the flash drive will be available on the other computer. Flash drives are small enough to be carried in a pocket and can plug into any computer with a USB drive. A flash drive starts working as soon as it is plugged in to your computer. When a flash drive works it downloads small amounts of data known as drivers to the computer. The drivers then identify the flash drive, and sets up certain rules which governs the computers future communication with the drive. Depending on your operating system, you can typically move data to and from the flash drive just as you would any other storage medium (like a hard drive or floppy disk). Flash drives are popular because they can hold a considerable amount of data and are fast, reliable, and portable.

[] http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4963773_flash-drives-work.html [] http://www.mobilewhack.com/sandisk-cruzer-contour-usb-flash-drive.jpg

**Memory** [Murtaza Javaid]

[Maria Jose Mora] Well done Murtaza… but I don't see the bibliography.

RAM

RAM is space to read and write documents.

There are many types of RAM. SDR is Single Data Rate; DDR is Double Data Rate, DDR2 and DDR3 make improvements to DDR. DDR speeds up the performance of the computer with faster transfer rates.

RAM, or Random Access Memory, accesses data in any order, while it’s opposite, SAM, or Serial Acess Memory, only accesses data in a certain order.

When you launch a program, the microprocessor launches the program to go to the RAM.

RAM is volatile, which means that it loses its contents when the power is turned off.



**Processor**

[Joel Willison] [Maria Jose Mora] Well done Joel. **__ Processor __**

A processor is practically like a butler which does whatever you ask it also makes things go faster the bigger it is.
 * Description **

** How it works ** The processor is an output as well as an input system because the processor takes the input from the user and sends thing out.

The processor works by receiving messages from the user and seeing that it was done it also goes around seeing if everyone is doing there work, like it’s a teacher. The processor also sends messages to the user by using software ands devices like earphones or printer.

Bibliography

• tomshardware.com

•Taken from [|http://download.intel.com] Pressroom/kits/pentiumee/pentiumee_ processor_back.jpg

• [|Find lignende billeder].com